Chargeback reason code f24. Merchants can analyze the root causes of their chargebacks by examining the reason code of the chargeback and their own records regarding the purchase in question. Chargeback reason code f24

 
Merchants can analyze the root causes of their chargebacks by examining the reason code of the chargeback and their own records regarding the purchase in questionChargeback reason code f24  In simple words, the chargeback reason code provides the reason why you are dealing with a chargeback

P03 – Credit Processed as Charge. By entering your email, you agree to receive marketing emails from Shopify. The major card networks have unique reason code systems, and banks use separate tools. All ACH return reason codes consist of the letter “R” followed by two numbers (R01, R12, R22, etc. While there are reason codes related to processing errors that cause disputes, the majority of reason codes result from a cardholder disputing a charge. If the customer’s story matches. See the list of reason codes below: Card Network. The following is a full list of Chargeback Reason Codes for the card schemes that Zai supports. Click on the Chargeback Reason Code drop-down menu, the user can change the. “American Express Chargeback Reason Codes | Sift”. The cardholder claims they were charged multiple times for a single transaction. Most Common Chargeback Reason Codes #3: Order Significantly Not as Described. This chargeback will include a description that provides additional information: Digital Goods $25 or Less. Examples, processing a transaction even after the subscription is cancelled, defective items delivered, non-delivery of sold goods and so on. American Express Chargeback Codes (2023) American Express functions as a card network and an issuing bank. The tickets were held at the box office, and no signature, swipe or imprint of the card was obtained when the tickets were released. FR2 Fraud Full Recourse Program. Chargeback reason codes are codes used to categorize the reason for the dispute. The agency must provide this documentation to Vantiv (via mail, fax, online/scanning) within 30 calendar days after the report date on the Visa/MasterCard. The first two digits indicate what category the reason code falls under: 10 for Fraud, 11 for Authorization, 12 for Processing Errors, and 13 for Customer Disputes. Body exampleReturn fraud happens when consumers bring an item (or items) back to you to request a refund in the form of store credit or cash. Poor order fulfillment: Late order fulfillment or billing for an order before shipping the goods. Reason codes are alphanumeric codes that provide the justification for granting a chargeback. P08 – Duplicate Charge. M10 Vehicle Rental – Capital Damages. You can learn more about each one by visiting the Mastercard Chargeback Guide. Discover. Understand the reason for the chargeback. American Express uses four main categories to organize its reason codes: Authorization, Card Member Disputes, Fraud, and Processing Errors as well as two additional categories, Inquiry/Miscellaneous and Chargeback Programs, to classify just a handful of reason codes. F24. If you don’t reply in time or with . UA05 Fraud – Chip Counterfeit Transaction. 1 Chargebacks A chargeback is a rules-based mechanism, with time-sensitive workflows, that enables the issuer and the acquirer to determine the financial liability of a disputed transaction. However, the disputes themselves are still categorized by the issuing bank based on the card network issuing the card. Field name: reasonCode. The win rate for this particular reason code is extremely slim because they generally refer to fraud issues. 4 (1040) (Visa) Card-not-present fraud: F24 (Amex) No cardmember authorization: F29 (Amex) Card-not. For details on how to receive notifications of chargebacks, accept or dispute them, and submit evidence to. A chargeback reason code is just what it sounds like: A code indicating the reason a charge was disputed and a chargeback occurred. These codes explain the reason why the chargeback was filed, and the reason the chargeback was approved. US/Canada Chargeback reason code. 101. And according. Reason code encyclopedia Your comprehensive guide to reason codes, modifiers, time limits, and compelling evidence. Chargeback or chargeback dispute: A claim against a transaction initiated by a customer with their bank, resulting in a forced payment reversal. Chargebacks are a major threat to businesses big and small. Additionally, one clearing transaction. UA02 Fraud – Card Not Present Transaction. The actual underlying cause of this chargeback is. A reason code is how banks categorize the reason for a chargeback. The length and structure of Reason Codes changed from a current two-digit code to four to six digits that contains decimal(s) point(s). ”. The goal is to reduce ‘friendly’ fraud chargebacks, helping sellers protect more of their hard-earned revenue. Under Set Order Status, select None, Refund, or Chargeback. Vendors that do not have a well-drafted shipping and order fulfillment policy are susceptible to this category of Shopify chargebacks. In this instance, the cardholder claims a misrepresentation of the order they received, such as a defect, damage, counterfeit, or incomplete merchandise. American Express is incentivized to keep their customers happy. Chargeback Reason Codes Fraud – Card-Not-Present (CNP) Network Reason Code Bank Initiation Timeframe Accel 81 120 calendar days from transaction processing date American Express FR2, F14, F24, F29 120 calendar days from transaction processing date Discover 4752 AA, 7030 UA02 Within 30 calendar days from the close date of the TRR The cashier processes the transaction but, forgets to take her signatures or imprint on the receipt. The list of chargeback reason codes in this article. MasterCard chargeback reason code 4540. This means that it will require merchants to provide evidence supporting their claim that a transaction was authorized by the cardholder. ” This reason code is used when a cardholder claims that while they have previously shopped with the merchant, they did not authorize this particular transaction. Products. pdf - Free download as PDF File (. 0 is to make the chargeback process more efficient, transparent, and fair. Amex uses the same four main categories as Visa to organize its reason codes: Authorization, Card Member Disputes (which Visa refers to as Consumer Disputes), Fraud, and Processing Errors. Provide Explanation Give a clear overview of the documents you’re submitting, address the specific dispute reason, provide any changes made to the original purchase/agreement and explain the steps you’ve taken to resolve the dispute. 101. Q. Other reason codes address entirely understandable reasons for cutting a merchant off from their credit card processor, like participating in money-laundering schemes, colluding with other merchants to fix prices or. Time limits vary by card network and reason code, though, so you should look into the specific terms tied to the reason code. Amazon Pay will send you a notification email when you get a chargeback, which will include details such as the order number and reason code. American Express reason code 155, Visa reason code 30, MasterCard reason code 4855, and Discover reason code 4755 are all specific reason codes for Shopify payment chargebacks. F24: Beginning Other Expense: 00000: 9200: F25: Ending Other Expense: 00000: 9699: F26: Beginning Tax Expense: 00000: 9700: F27: Ending Tax Expense: 00000: 9799: F28: Ending Profit and Loss Accounts:. Chapter 6 Pre-Arbitration and Arbitration Case Filing-For Chargebacks Initiated On or After 17 July 2020 > Time Frames and Requirements > Dual Message System Pre-Arbitration andWith the implementation of Visa Claims Resolution, reason code 98 eventually became obsolete. A chargeback is a return of money to a payer of a transaction, especially a credit card transaction. Because of this, banks, merchants, and card networks often classify chargebacks into three distinct categories to determine how they should be approached. Visa chargeback reason code 11. Solutions. All amounts that Client is entitled to receive under the Chargeback Protection Policy shall be provided in the form of a credit to your account. PCI DSS v3. Thanks for following the Chargeback Gurus blog. The list of chargeback reason codes in this article is organized by card brand and type of dispute. If the available information indicates that the customer dispute is a valid one, American Express will automatically debit your merchant account for the amount of the disputed transaction and will send you a chargeback notification for you to review. Each bank card network has its owner list of reason codes banks must prefer from. If the CID doesn’t match, merchants generally prompt the Card Member to re-enter it. 2. 5 (1050) (Visa) Card-not-present fraud: 10. 4 Fraud – Card-Absent Environment. 3. American Express Chargebacks / Disputes. This definitive guide comes that chargeback reason codes from jeder of of four majority card networks. The process is often troublesome; most times, reason codes do not show the actual basis why customer is disputing a transaction. No two merchants will get exactly the same chargebacks for the same reasons, but there are definite patterns depending on the market you serve. A few other common reason codes for Visa include late presentment; non-receipt of cash from ATM; invalid data; EMV liability shift non-counterfeit fraud; no authorization; canceled merchandise and fraud related to stolen cards on the card recovery bulletin. The networks say merchants have a 45-day response window, but the Chase credit card chargeback time limit for merchants is 39 days. Reason codes are alphanumeric codes that provide the justification for granting a chargeback. 4 – Other Fraud, Card-Absent Environment; Mastercard 4837 – No Cardholder Authorization American Express F24 – No Cardmember Authorization; Discover UA02 – Fraud: Card Not Present Transaction American Express Chargebacks / Disputes. Amex uses the same four main categories as Visa to organize its reason codes: Authorization, Card Member Disputes (which Visa refers to as Consumer Disputes), Fraud, and Processing Errors. A good chargeback return policy will, at a minimum, include. 3. First Chargeback failed: Reason Code 4837 not allowed under “issuer auths, they own” chargeback rules: 100001: 400: INVALID_REQUEST: First Chargeback failed: Reason Code 4863 not allowed for authorized CAT transactions: 100001: 400: INVALID_REQUEST: First Chargeback failed: Reason Code 4863 not allowed for. Chargeback Reason Codes and Descriptions. Reason Code 53: Not as Described or Defective Merchandise. 3. Terms and conditions. Processing recurring payments increases your susceptibility to chargebacks. Pre-arbitration (pre-arb): When the customer challenges a chargeback won by the business for a second time. Mastercard Chargeback Reason Code 70: Chip Liability Shift. The reason code. The CB Reason represents the default reason for marking the transaction as a chargeback, but this default value can be changed. They also can’t prevent the lost sales revenue and merchandise resulting from a consumer dispute. Processing Errors involve chargeback and disputes revolving around processing issues, late presentment, credit processed as charge, invalid card numbers, no show errors, incorrect charge amounts. Managing Reason Code 57 chargebacks. American Express . Batch chargeback process. Chargeback Reason Code 30 - Services Not Provided or Merchandise Not Received The chargeback time limit is calculated based on one of the following: 120 calendar days after the transaction processing date 120 calendar days after the last date the cardholder expected to receive the goods or services (not to exceed 540 days of the transaction. for chargeback reason code 4863 (Cardholder Does Not Recognize). Solutions. American Express. C08. Understanding these codes is essential because they'll guide your response strategy. A reason code or a chargeback reason code is a string of symbols (numbers and letters). VCR tables (Figures 1 and 2) map the old Reason Code to its new Reason Code. The post below contains legacy information pertaining to the formerly-common Visa chargeback reason code 75. Each card issuer follows their own standards for defining reason type, code and its format. There are tricks you might use to circumvent an undesirable authorization message, such as not requesting authorization at all, or making multiple attempts on a declined card. Here are some chargeback reason codes by card type. 4. Duplicate transaction. 0. 10. 4; Code #10. ” This reason code is used when a cardholder claims that while they have previously shopped with the merchant, they did. UA06 Fraud – Chip and PIN Transaction. With that said, you still need to understand the reason codes with any chargebacks from Amex. They are provided to the merchant by the issuing bank, and they help all involved parties categorize disputes and determine next steps. Midigator has created a database of American Express reason codes. Some 90% of merchants said “cardholder abuse of the chargeback process” was a leading concern for their business. 1: goods not received. Specifically, these updates only pertain to transactions that are charged back after Oct. P05 – Incorrect Charge Amount. Visa chargeback reason code 75 falls under the “Consumer Disputes” category. 3 Fraud – Card-Present Environment. 3. Not remembering the original purchase. Chargeback. The first thing you should do when you receive a chargeback notification is to check the reason code that the card issuer assigns to the dispute. A Charge is Disputed * We’ll work directly with the Card Member and try to resolve the case before reaching out to you. EMV Liability Shift Counterfeit Fraud. Amex Dispute Codes The Visa chargeback reason codes system underwent a major overhaul in April 2018 as part of their new Visa Claims Resolution (VCR) initiative. Specify the invoice date and net due date that you want the system to assign to chargebacks. 1 Authorisation . Updated: Valid values updated. Chargeback Reason Codes Retrieval Reason Codes 78 Int'l only Service Violation Code Discover 4541 AP 4586 AW 4755 RG 4553 RM 8002 RN2 Altered Amount Non-Receipt of Goods or Services0Cardholder Disputes Quality of Goods or Services MasterCard;45 Days from the central processing date of the transaction120 Days from the central processing date of. com 14. Retrieval: A request initiated by a customer for more information about a charge. 60. However, the return request is invalid, as the customer does not have a legitimate right to a refund for one reason or another. Check the chargeback reason code. Step #2 | Report the Scam to PayPal. Assemble Your Evidence. As soon as a customer requests a chargeback, their bank will reach out to the business’s bank and give them a heads-up that the chargeback has been requested. American Express Chargeback Reason Codes have four main categories, those are Fraud, Authorization, Processing Error, Card Member Disputes and Miscellaneous. F24: Multiple Charges: F25:Try Shopify free for 3 days, no credit card required. Submitted: The response has been sent and the issuer is. Fight;. Both EFM and ECM measure compliance at the MID level. Chargeback reason code 75 is issued when a card issuer receives a complaint from a cardholder stating that the name of the merchant that. F24: No Card Member Authorization. 634. P04 – Charge Processed as Credit. 10/21/14 Updated Chargeback Time Frames: Added Reason Code 05; Addendum Reason Code PM; Changed TF time frame from 120 days to 540 days. A reason code is an alphanumeric code that explains the reason behind the dispute. Once filed, the merchant generally has 20. Most acquiring banks put a timeframe on when customers can initiate a chargeback for a purchase. In these situations, a merchant’s billing descriptor is simply not recognized by the customer. 103. Investigate suspicious orders. Looking for the opportunity his daughter Nia slips out his card and shops for her Prom night. 15% - the number of chargebacks initiated by cardholders due to retailers shipping the wrong product. 6. For each reason code, a definition is provided along with the merchant’s actions—or failure to act—that may have caused the chargeback,Attempted to process transactions fraudulently. For example, the dispute reason “Cardholder Does Not Recognize” is denoted under the Discover reason codes system as “AA. Jan 2020_Chargeback Reason Code Encyclopedia - Free download as PDF File (. Pursuant to the Fair Credit Billing Act of 1974, cardholders have the right to dispute unauthorized or erroneous charges, and issuing banks must reverse a disputed transaction if the cardholder’s claim. 60 due to merchandise, fees, overhead, and other sources of loss. If they think it does, they assign it a reason code and credit the funds back to the cardholder’s account. Amex Dispute Codes Chargebacks. 3 falls under the “Authorization” category. If you don’t reply in time or with . FAQ: What is Chargeback Representment?. F29 – Card Not Present. 02/10/16 Added Debit Chargeback Reason Codes. Complete Guide to Visa Compelling Evidence Update CE 3. This definitive guide includes the chargeback reason codes coming each of the four greater menu networks. Shopify has four status categories for chargebacks and inquiries: Open: No response has been sent yet and evidence can still be added. ”. 3. This definitive guide includes that chargeback reason colors from each of the four major card networks. Responding to Mastercard Reason Code 4853 Chargebacks. Visa reason code 53 is used for Chargeback for Defective/Not as Described, and reason code 85 is used for Credit Not Processed. Like definitive guide involves the chargeback reason laws upon each of the four major cards networks. That definitive guide included the chargeback reason codes from each of the quad larger card connectivity. Dispute reason codes. Card Brand Code Description. Some credit card companies also include a short phrase describing the code and chargeback. The bank or credit union then conducts an investigation to ascertain the validity of the dispute. Reason. Despite being the smallest of the four major credit card companies, the list of Discover chargeback reason codes is extensive. Mastercard has plans to follow suit. Include any terms relevant to the transaction, including return, cancellation and. 2. Check the reason code on the chargeback. Braintree Support Articles. You’ll see that all chargebacks ultimately stem from one of three causes: merchant error, criminal fraud, or friendly fraud. A chargeback is the potential outcome of a disputed credit or debit card transaction. Solution. Technical. F24: No Cardmember Authorization: F29: Card Not Present: F30: EMV Counterfeit: M01: Chargeback Authorization: P01:. 1 = EMV-Liability Shift counterfeit. In most cases, though, cardholders have 120 days after the original purchase date to dispute the charge. Visa groups its chargeback codes into four main categories—fraud, authorization, processing errors, and customer disputes. F24: No Card Member Authorization:. If the chargeback stems from the use of non-EMV readers, for example, the merchant should implement compliant terminals. Written by Chargeback Gurus. If one of your customers issues a chargeback through their bank, you have the chance to dispute it and win back the funds. New Visa CE 3. Date Option. 3: Goods or services were not received: C08: RG: 4855: 13. Eventually the existing chargeback reason codes won't be used and will be removed from this guide. Fraud (10)& Authorization (11)Aforementioned definitive guide includes and chargeback reason codes from each of the four major bill networks. American Express chargeback reason codes, much like Discover, bear one important difference from those under Visa and Mastercard: the issuing bank is also the card network. Depending upon the class, a retailer will have a swift way to offer evidence supporting the claim. Chargeback reason codes will usually provide specific information about what kind of evidence is needed to get the chargeback reversed. The client will send this dispute to Paymentology’s Global support team via email – support@paymentology. FAQ: What remains Chargeback Representment? TIPS. Fight; Prevent; Recover; Technical. processed the transaction correctly. The chargeback reverses a money transfer from the consumer's bank account, line of credit, or credit card. 2 for Visa and Reason Code 4850 for Mastercard). In simple words, the chargeback reason code provides the reason why you are dealing with a chargeback. Based on the information provided, Paymentology will investigate the transaction being disputed. Choose the representment amount. Chargeback reason code 11. The chargeback process can last from one month to six months. 7. P05 – Incorrect Charge Amount. Valid Values/Format: 22 - First Chargeback Handling Fee. Each credit card network has its own list of reason codes banks must choose from. Description. Blog. Try Shopify free for 3 days, no credit card required. Once filed, the merchant generally has 20 days to respond. The way you manage chargebacks depends on your account setup. American Express Chargeback Reason Codes have four main categories, those are Fraud, Authorization, Processing. So the company has more incentive to side with customer during cardholder. many chargeback reason codes that exist today. Identify issues within 24 hours of a cardholder dispute, rather than waiting. 3? Visa chargeback reason code 13. Other Fraud—Card Present Environment. 105. But, merchants should be aware that, eventually, everyone will be required to use the new designations. Fight; Prevent; Get; Assets. 0 to 5. A01 | A02 | A08. F24: No Card Member Authorization:. 4 applies to eCommerce, whereas code 10. 4846 — Incorrect Currency Code. Thus, the easiest way to prevent chargeback reason code 75 from being. Solutions. Click on “report a problem” and select the transaction in question. MDR also retired reason code 4840 – Fraudulent Processing of Transactions. It’s typical to see fraud chargebacks roll in 2-3 months after the initial charges took place. Because it’s so easy for customers to initiate a chargeback, retailers are bound to experience a request at. According to data published by ThreatMetrix, nearly 20% of all attempted transactions in the travel industry are identified as fraud attacks: Every travel vertical stands to lose revenue due to online. All cardholder data must be encrypted, truncated, or tokenized; account numbers can only be partially displayed. 5%. Fine Period - month 2 or 3. The reason codes are grouped into several broad. Other Ineligible Transactions Under Reason Code 62, Condition 2 . Carefully analyze the reason provided by the cardholder for the chargeback. High Level Visa Chargeback Dispute Flow. Visa’s process introduces four dispute categories and associated numerical labels (Fraud – 10, Authorization – 11, Processing Errors – 12, Consumer Disputes – 13) under which the renamed reason codes will be placed. reason codes. What is Visa chargeback reason code 12. By entering your email, you agree to receive marketing emails from Shopify. About Us; Careers We're hiring! In The Press; Latest News; Events; Corporate Responsibility; Brand Resources; Contact Us. Once you know why a chargeback happened, you can start building a case to address the claims that were. F29 – Card Not Present. F30 – EMV Counterfeit. It’s important that you include a copy of your customer terms and conditions in order to prove that the customer knew what to expect from the outset. Reason codes are alphanumeric codes that provide the justification for granting a chargeback. In the distribution industry,. Chargeback reason codes. /HealthCare IIAS Auto-sub Data Retrieval Request 70 Int'l only Effective Change Date AMEX F24 FR4 FR5 M01 M04 M10 P01 P04 P05 R03 R13 Duplicate Billing Captial damages M19 Offset adjustment Non-Matching Account Number. These codes are notoriously inaccurate; in fact, first-party fraud is predicated on reason codes being inaccurate. 2=1020 etc. A reference for dispute reason codes, divided by dispute event category. FAQ: What is Chargeback. Use pre-sale fraud detection service providers that can help verify the cardholder’s identity, detect potential criminal activity, and reduce the risk of accepting unauthorized transaction. Also, Ethoca Alerts only notify you of chargebacks that occur within the alert. You’ll put that reason code, the transaction amount and authorization number, and state that the. The network hasn't wholly disallowed some old codes. Chargeback Reason Codes Retrieval Reason Codes 78 Int'l only Service Violation Code Discover 4541 AP 4586 AW 4755. The most common chargeback reason codes are fraudulent charges, unauthorized transactions, and products not received, however, there are dozens of different chargeback reason codes for. Region. With the right compelling evidence,. P22 – Non-Matching Card Number. Eligible Chargeback Reason Codes . Each card. 18167 US Highway 19 N Clearwater, FL 33764 877. Check with the issuing banks to determine what time limits may apply to you. Automate Tasks & Streamline Processes Let Midigator remove complexities and improve the efficiency of your chargeback management strategy. So, if a customer files an Amex chargeback, the company has good reason to side with their customer over the merchant. Clerical Reason Code. UA02 Fraud – Card Not Present Transaction. “Credit Not Processed,” the reason code for unreceived refunds, accounted for 12% of consumer disputes at the height of the pandemic. As we touched on earlier, chargebacks can happen due to technical errors. However, they don’t address the reason why that chargeback was issued in the first place. Card issuers and card networks deem certain chargeback codes to be nearly indisputable by merchants, and as a result, a merchant can be charged a fee of up to $500 by card networks for submitting a dispute of such chargebacks. These chargebacks will show up under reason codes that will, on first glance, appear legitimate. Additionally, Amex uses a fifth "Miscellaneous" category. ). Amex uses the same four main categories as Visa to organize its reason codes: Authorization, Card Member Disputes (which Visa refers to as Consumer Disputes), Fraud, and Processing Errors. Card Member Dispute. Invalid Authorisation (ISO 4521) / Charge amount exceeds Authorisation amount (A01). Fight; Prevent; Recover; Predict; Success Story; Resources. 26% - the number of chargebacks that result from undelivered orders. 08. And, each code has unique compelling evidence requirements if you choose to fight. Fraud. There is a USD 25 limit for the First Chargeback (Reason Code 22). 1 EMV Liability Shift 10. Chargeback Reason Codes by Network - 2023 Guide. 2. 102. With that said, you still need to understand the reason codes with any chargebacks from Amex. Removed these Discover Chargeback Codes: AL, CA, IC, IS, NC, SV, U03, UNR. A transaction modifier (or modifier) represents specific circumstances associated with a card sale that change what compelling evidence is required to overturn the chargeback. Cardholders can dispute digital goods transactions of $25 or less (or the equivalent in local currency) if certain purchase controls were not put. (Amex) No cardmember authorization. Chargeback. Reason Code. Merchants who receive a chargeback for a transaction placed with an American Express card may encounter reason code F29, which indicates an unauthorized transaction that the cardholder does not believe they should be responsible for paying. com. Amex Chargeback Reason Code F24: No Cardmember Authorization Description A card-not-present transaction occurs when cardholder files a complaint that he/she. The cardholder may be the customer or the someone who lent their card to a friend or relative. Reason Code F24: No Cardmember Authorization. Step 1: Identify the Source. 2. The following is a full list of Chargeback Reason Codes for the card schemes that Zai supports. Category. Following the prompts. The process for filing a chargeback the grounds for doing so, and the chargeback reason codes used, can change frequently. 10301. Additionally, Amex uses a fifth "Miscellaneous" category. Chargeback Reason Codes; BIN Lookup; ROI Tool; Company. Partners. For this reason, you must document all debit and credit card transactions and adhere to the strict rules set by the card networks. It is associated with a chargeback reason code, and it is specific per Card Scheme. Check the chargeback reason code. The shorthand description is “No Authorization. Credit card chargeback reason code: Type: Varchar; Unique: No; Blanks: Yes; Max length: 64 characters; Unique identifier which distinguishes the nature/reason of credit card chargeback reported. It can protect against criminal fraud attacks, but equally important, it protects you from liability due to fraud and other losses. A reason code is how banks categorize the reason for a chargeback. Recent data suggests that total fraud costs in the travel space will exceed $25 billion a year by 2020, and that’s considered a low estimate. Reason Code 02. Code #10. A chargeback happens when a customer requests for a transaction to be. The cardholder does not recognize your name on their statement. The chargeback can be for the total transaction amount or a lesser amount. MasterCard: Reason Code 4859 Services not rendered. [noun]/* kə • stə • mər • di • spyo͞ot/. In fact, 91. Chargeback fees make up a big chunk of the total costs, so we’re going to take a. The shorthand description is “Late Presentment. Any time.